أدلة ابن سينا على وجود النفس

This research paper includes the linguistic and terminological meaning of the soul and clarifies Ibn Sina's interest in studying the soul and its existence. He views the soul as a power in relation to its actions, a form in relation to the mixed matter, and perfection in relation to the animal and human species. He advocates for the essential unity of the soul despite its multiple functions. In his view, the afterlife of the soul, happiness, and misery are spiritual and exist in degrees. The paper also illustrates the gradation of the powers of the soul according to Ibn Sina, from the simplest to the most complete, meaning that the lower functions exist within the higher functions and serve them. He supported the existence of the soul with proofs and arguments that had not been presented before, such as the example of a man suspended in space, which he uses to argue that a person does not lose awareness of their self even if they lose awareness of one of their body parts. Similarly, the flying man serves as a new proof in Islamic philosophy and is one of Ibn Sina's innovations.